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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained and maintained timber window is a crucial element of the historical fabric of a structure. It reflects in different degree the materials and techniques of the time it was made, the architectural style and craftsmanship.

When possible, repairs should be made on-site. Proprietary resin-based repair systems can be used to repair the most damaged areas of decay without having to remove the entire window.

Durability

The timber windows in many old buildings were made to last for centuries. But, they have to be maintained to ensure they look good and functioning correctly. Maintenance tasks include sash cord repairs and retightening sash pulleys and painting. There is also a growing demand to upgrade the timber windows to increase the efficiency of energy. This may mean replacing old glass units, repairing the window rebates that are in place or putting up new cills for better air sealing.

One of the main issues with traditional windows is the damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is especially important where windows made of sash are involved because the gaps between sashes can be extremely large. In these cases, water can penetrate paint film and cause rotting of the wood or putty beneath. Poor weather conditions can exacerbate the decay. To stop this from happening windows from becoming rotten, they must be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint that is suitable.

In addition to repainting, corroded areas need to be repaired with a resin-based repair product. This will ensure that the greatest amount of original fabric preserved. It is essential to limit the number of holes that are made into the frame to allow cable access, since they can let in moisture and cause decay.

Another issue with older windows is the structural movement within the wall that can cause deformation of the frame and the sash. This can lead to the sash not fitting properly, jamming or sticking in the opening, or breaking glass. Most often, this is corrected by fitting new sash boxes that have been constructed from slow-growing deal (pine) or oak. The cill needs to be constructed of a durable hardwood, like oak, to prevent the movement of new and old work.

To alleviate this issue, there are now a number of companies who make Boston pattern wooden sash that will fit into the majority of existing openings. The sash is available in a variety of sizes and finishes to meet the needs of today's homeowner. These new sash, when combined with quadruple draft strips and improved thermal insulation can make a significant difference to the efficiency of your home's energy usage.

Aesthetics

Many old wooden windows have an excellent aesthetic value since they usually demonstrate, in a way the materials and techniques and architectural taste of the period from which they date. They also may have a significant historic value in their own right. This is especially true of early unglazed window supplier cambridge openings in timber-framed structures, where the great majority were just a collection of openings in the frame that were subdivided horizontally into mullions, and vertically into iron or wood bars to keep out intruders.

Traditional timber upvc window renovation joinery is a beautiful aspect of a building, and it is important to keep it looking good. When you spot any signs of decay due to moisture penetration it is crucial to stop it. This can be done by applying a thorough coat of paint, particularly in areas in which there is already damage or degradation. It is best to use paints designed to be used in a set (primer undercoat and finish) and follow the manufacturer's guidelines for preparation and number of coats at each stage.

The fungus that causes wet rot can quickly spread in old windows made of wood. To stop this from happening, take out any damaged or rotten components as soon as you can. Replace rotting wood with slow-growing deal (pine) and, when possible, the exact kind of timber as the one being removed, to avoid any differential movement.

Glass became less expensive and more abundant in the late medieval period and into the 17th century. This led to the openings for double glazed door repairs windows on timber-framed houses became more complicated with moulded mullions and traceries, made of wood and deep projecting cills. In recent times, glass was fixed to frames that were rebated using glazing sprigs rather than lead cames. This method of glazing is not only less prone to leaks but it can allow for much wider clearer, more transparent sheets of glass to be used in windows than would be possible without the need for lead lights.

Energy efficiency

Traditional timber windows have a good energy performance due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as attentive attention to detail. They also have large glass areas as well as deep projecting cills that reduce air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draught proofing, the windows can be improved to increase their energy efficiency. It is crucial to keep in mind that these measures need to be taken into consideration in relation to the overall appearance and integrity of the original windows.

Therefore, keeping old windows that require repair rather than replacing them is logical particularly when thermal enhancements can be achieved cost-effectively through simple repairs and improvements. The windows that are historic have a lot of historical value, as they demonstrate a variety in technological advancements and changes to architectural taste. The pressures to replace these windows are usually based on the assumption that old windows will need replacement in the near future, however most are still in a position to last for 150, 200 or even 250 years if they are properly maintained.

It is crucial to recognize that the decay problems that are typical of timber windows can be prevented by thorough maintenance and prompt repairs. It is also crucial to recognize damp issues and correct them swiftly in order to avoid major damage. Early paint deterioration is a particular problem, since it allows moisture penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. The damage is usually not evident until the paintwork becomes wavy or cracked, but can cause significant structural damage, and could lead to further decay.

A high-quality paint will stop this moisture from entering. It is also essential to keep the paintwork spotless to avoid mould and condensation. Modern synthetic paints could be a problem, as they are often made to be water-resistant and this may result in the formation of mildew in the window frame.

The majority of windows from the past were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers can deteriorate very rapidly if exposed to wet weather, however they can be preserved with an extensive preservative treatment prior to when they are used. It is crucial to select the appropriate type of wood for the location and climate, as these variables can affect the longevity of the joinery. Local window manufacturers make a range of sash made of timber that can be adapted to fit specific openings in historic buildings. They can be made according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions, or to custom sizes that fit with the architectural style of historic buildings.

Maintenance

The life of timber windows can be extended considerably through regular inspections, careful redecoration and timely repair. The main reason for the decay is moisture intrusion through deteriorated paint and putty. This can be avoided by careful painting and using high-quality wood preservative.

It is essential that repairs to old sash and casement windows are well executed and done without causing any disturbance. It is possible to fix many traditional timber window seal repairs designs without taking the frame off. This is a must whenever it is possible. Remove peeling or loose paint and then lightly sand the surface to improve the 'key" of the surface. This will enable the new coating to stick better. It is crucial to avoid removing old paint layers that could have historical significance.

If a piece of timber is rotten, the best way to proceed is to remove the rotted material and replace it with spliced-in timber inserts that are shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is inserted should be treated with a wood preservative and the connection between the timber cill and sub-cill for masonry should be sealed.

Replacement of windows made of traditional PVC-u is a tempting option, especially when the installer provides a 'one stop shop' installation that handles both removal and replacement within a day. It is essential that the person installing replacement windows has a complete understanding of the construction and history of traditional wooden frames. This will enable them to make appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technical upgrades that won't harm the historic character of a building. The window installers who provide replacement windows must be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme such as FENSA. This will ensure that replacement windows are deemed to be approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable alternative. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u Windows that are sympathetic to the original building's style. This is particularly true where windows are installed in listed buildings or conservation areas.