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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety is among the most prevalent mental health problems that affects 40 million adults in the United States. It is extremely treatable, and there are various types of medication available.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety treatment effectiveness by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Contrary to benzodiazepines they're not addictive.

SSRIs

The most commonly used anxiety medication is selective serotonin inhibits (SSRIs) which include citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine. These medications are also used to treat depression as well as relieve symptoms of anxiety disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder. They can take up to a month to begin to work.

These drugs work by increasing the amount of certain chemical transmitters in the brain. This includes serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. These medications are typically the first choice to treat anxiety, although doctors may also prescribe other types of antidepressants or benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants, such as duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor) are also used for anxiety. They operate a bit differently from SSRIs, as they also reduce the reabsorption of norepinephrine as well as serotonin, though at lower levels than SSRIs. These medicines take a long time to take effect and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as imipramine (Tofranil), can be effective in treating some anxiety disorders, notably GAD. Their drowsiness, as well as other side effects make them less popular. Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different kind of antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. However, their restrictions on diet and high risk of toxicity restrict their use.

Benzodiazepines are frequently used to combat anxiety and panic attacks in the short term, such as when waiting for SSRIs or SNRIs to take effect. These drugs can trigger tolerance addiction, sedation and withdrawal reactions that include rebound depression, anxiety and even delirium. Benzodiazepines are commonly found in alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam.

Therapy is a crucial component of any treatment plan for anxiety. It helps you to better know your symptoms and their root causes. Many people find that both therapy and medication can help to manage anxiety. In fact, some studies suggest that cognitive behavior therapy is as effective as medication for anxiety. Consult your physician to find out what's right for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines produce a calming effect, decrease anxiety and relax muscles that are tense. They also alleviate symptoms of bodily stress related to fear (like heart racing or trembling) and help promote sleep.

The way they function is through binding to inhibitory neurotransmitters, like gamma-aminobutryic acids or GABA which is a receptor in the central nervous system. They enhance the effects of GABA by increasing its inhibitory effects on other neurotransmitters while reducing the amount of messages that are sent to the amygdala, which is the brain's region that assesses threats and produces the sensation of fear.

These medicines are often used for short periods for instance, during panic attacks or an anxiety episode. They may help relieve the symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes of taking them. Contrary to SSRIs, benzodiazepines don't remain in the body for long. They're quick-acting and typically take effect in just a couple of hours, which makes them ideal for situations in which quick relief is needed (like during a flight or before an event in public).

As they can be addictive, people are usually prescribed up to four weeks at a go. They also lose effectiveness after that time.

One of the reasons why benzodiazepines are so popular is because they are efficient and have fewer adverse effects when compared to their predecessors, such as barbiturates or meprobamate. They are safe and have a rapid onset, and can be used as anxiolytics in order to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants.

Benzos were blamed for negative attitudes towards anxiety that were developed in the 1970s and 1980s which included the reduction of the disorder, as well as the perception that benzodiazepine therapies lead to physical dependence. Yet however, benzodiazepines still play a significant role in the treatment for anxiety disorders, especially when they are combined with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapies.

Benzos can interact with other medications and cause undesirable side-effects such as drowsiness, confusion or drowsiness. You should tell your doctor about any prescription, nonprescription, or herbal medicines you currently use or are planning to take. Go through the British National Formulary A to Z list of interactions with medications to determine which medicines are safe to take with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can help ease anxiety and other mental health problems. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved several antidepressants to treat other health conditions as well, including eating disorders, some types of pain and bipolar disorder.

SSRIs are typically prescribed as a first-line treatment for anxiety by doctors, but they might not be effective for all people. If they don't work, doctors may consider a different type of antidepressant, known as tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants. These include amitriptyline and nortriptyline as well as clomipramine. They're less common than newer antidepressants, yet they're still accessible. You may ask your doctor to prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone(Desyrel), at lower doses if you're having sleep problems or anxiety.

Other antidepressants that could aid are the nefazodone (Ferdinand) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). These medications are also available in generic form. If they don't work, your doctor may suggest the sedating antidepressant mirtazapine (Remeron) or the antipsychotics quetiapine and olanzapine.

Medications for other anxiety disorders include beta blockers that reduce the blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the actions of adrenaline. These medications aren't typically used to treat anxiety by themselves however they can be beneficial when paired with psychological therapy.

Psychological therapy can help you change negative thoughts and behavior patterns that cause anxiety. It can help you control your anxiety and learn strategies for coping. Depending on the severity of your condition exposure therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy could be suggested. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps you to challenge negative and fearful thoughts and to overcome your aversion to situations that trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the level of anxiety in elderly treatment-inducing situations until are able to manage the stressors. It can be performed either in a group, or by yourself. In both instances, results will take time to manifest. Some people find that the combination of psychotherapy and medication is the best choice. Some people find that taking medication alone is enough to control symptoms. Discuss with your doctor how you manage your symptoms.

Other Medicines

Other drugs can also aid in relieving your symptoms. Antihistamines, beta blockers, and buspirone are all prescribed to alleviate anxiety.

These medications correct an imbalance in the brain's chemicals and can help alleviate your symptoms by reducing or blocking signals that trigger anxiety and stress. They are not a panacea. You'll still need to do other things to manage anxiety, such as physical exercise or relaxation techniques, as well as psychological therapy.

Your doctor may initially prescribe one of the "first choices" anxiety treatment cbt medications, which are SSRIs and SNRIs. They are the most effective drugs for treating anxiety disorders, according to research studies. Common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) as well as fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro). These medications may have mild adverse effects, like nausea or insomnia, but they typically subside within 4-8 weeks. They are not addictive, and they do not increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts.

The benzodiazepines, alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), and diazepoxide (Valium) provide immediate relief from panic attacks and anxiety, but they can have negative effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, memory and coordination problems, and dependence. They're less well-known than the older barbiturates, but they're just as efficient.

Antihistamines like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were initially created to treat allergies. However, they are also used to alleviate anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine blocks the histamine receptors in the brain and can cause an energizing effect. It is not a controlled drug and therefore does not carry the same risks of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Anticonvulsants are a different kind of medication that can help with anxiety. They have been proven to reduce anxiety through inhibiting the production of and release of dopamine as well as sérotonin. They might be prescribed in conjunction with other medications or as a short-term treatment for anxiety. Your doctor will examine your health history and symptoms to determine if these medications are suitable for you. They will also discuss the length of time you'll need to take these medicines and any potential negative side effects that might occur. Anxiety medication is only available on prescription, and a psychiatrist will be required to prescribe it.