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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different beans can produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world accounting for 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary widely depending on the coffee bean shop growing conditions and processing methods used to make it.

The word "coffee" actually comes from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are in a position to thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may grow in less favorable environments. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags, it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use blend the two varieties to reduce cost and maintain the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's crucial to select a top-quality bean from a source that you trust. This can be accomplished by buying your beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other varieties of coffee beans. They have an aroma that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. The seeds can be found online from many sources, however it is preferred to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered a distinct species, but is now classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart that has made them a popular choice in house blends. They have a milder scent and a lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted type of coffee decaf beans coffee, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered a distinct coffee beans unroasted plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. They're often used in blends to add body and a full, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most well-known, and are well-known for their an apricot-like flavor. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. When roasted and brewed correctly, they can have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are smaller and more round but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect Light roast coffee beans. If you want a smooth mild flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.