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Nor did this imply only the native welfare of the papacy, the great order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are present in anyone narrative, there isn't any good cause for doubting their general accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, etc., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the well-known letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (wherein the previous recognizes absolutely the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, positioned upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historical method, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, while the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and help of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, legitimate heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless referred to as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had long proved incapable of preserving his authority in the Italian peninsula.

However, the occasion of Christmas Day, 800, was lengthy resented at Constantinople, أسعار الذهب اليوم where ultimately the successor of Charles was often called "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however by no means "Roman Emperor". On the other hand, there appears no purpose to doubt that for some time previous the elevation of Charles had been discussed, both at dwelling and at Rome, particularly in view of two information: the scandalous condition of the imperial government at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian house. It could also be famous right here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the various cessions and grants of cities and أسعار الذهب في الكويت territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers within the bounds of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it so as to add here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in theory, what he was already in actual fact, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it had been, within the Carolingian line the majesty of ancient Rome, it also lifted Charles at once to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and specifically of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); also that after the ceremony he made very rich gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the identical day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the younger Charles, son of the emperor and at that time probably destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was sent again to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, totally frightened and unable to persuade Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders against Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled at the royal pleasure. Charles, it's true, after his imperial consecration exercised virtually at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made on the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It is to be famous that in this public division of his estate he made no provision for سعر الذهب اليوم في الكويت the imperial title, also that he dedicated to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, for the reason that Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; therefore, other than its effect on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This resolution produced a domino effect. In actuality this Roman patriciate, each beneath Pepin and Charles, was no more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose native independence, each earlier than and after the coronation of Charles, is historically sure, even aside from the aforesaid imperial charters. It's sure that Charles consistently attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made recognized of course by means of the agency of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles obtained the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long before this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the protection of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had progressively acquired (notably in the previous Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by simply titles in the course of the 2 previous centuries.

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